Onder 2.1.4 Parket bij de Hoge Raad 29 mei 2015

A fourth approach, or third generation, which is now the dominant player in most Westernized markets except Latin America49 is the “BitTorrent” (BT) approach or protocol, originally devised by Bram Cohen in 2001. Although Cohen’s own company, BitTorrent Inc, makes one client available, there are numerous other clients available running the protocol. In the BitTorrent protocol, files are not shared as one file but instead divided into small parts (bits) which can be individually uploaded and downloaded, enabling hundreds of thousands of users to very efficiently share even very large files such as HD movie and video files (or large legal files such as Linux operating system upgrades, or BBC iPlayer TV programmes). BT thus combines the decentralized approach of second generation P2P with the enabling of very fast downloading. It is a complicated protocol to analyze in legal context, involving several parties: the site which provides the client software; the site which provides “torrent” files which help locate other users who hold all or parts of the file which a user seeks to download; the tracker site which monitors the users contributing to the file transfer and passes their data to the client software; and the “swarm”, one or more users (often in their thousands) also using the BitTorrent protocol, who join in uploading parts of the file sought (usually because they have themselves previously downloaded it).

$ curl -s https://bron.page/api/v1/blobs/cb6e89026e84502023e937372685fdc7e2a60df44634417f5caff0c063bbfabd | shasum -a 256