Onder 2.5. Rechtbank Den Haag 17 februari 2016

Without doubt, myopia is caused by both nature and nurture. Environmental factors are increassingly viewed as triggers for onset and progression of myopia (…). In particular, education is an important risk factor; the risk of developing myopia is up to four times higher in persons with a university-level education compared to persons with only primary schooling (…). Similar effects are observed for urban versus rural areas (…). Two factors appear to contribute to these associations: (1) myopic children spend less time outdoors than non-myopic children, and (2) they perform more near work at an earlier age (…). Exectly why being outdoors is so protective is unclear, but several animal experiments suggest that dopamine release in the retina triggered by the high light intensity outdoors slow the elongation of the eyeball (…). Why near work is detrimental is unclear as well, but animal studies on this topic suggest that near work increases hyperopic defocus in the peripheral retina, and thereby forms a trigger for eye growth (…).

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